Running the Gamut and Running the Gauntlet

Running the Gamut and Running the Gauntlet Running the Gamut and Running the Gauntlet Running the Gamut and Running the Gauntlet By Maeve Maddox Two frequently confused expressions are â€Å"to run the gamut† and â€Å"to run the gauntlet.† Gamut originated as a medieval musical term. The word is still used to mean â€Å"the full range of notes that a voice or instrument can produce.† Figuratively, gamut means â€Å"the full range or scope of something.† For example, a person might â€Å"run the gamut of emotions from rage to despair.† Gauntlet derives from the French word for glove: gant. In the Middle Ages, a gauntlet was a reinforced glove, usually made of leather, covered with plates of steel. A medieval custom gave rise to figurative expressions still used in modern English: one knight would challenge another by throwing down one of his gauntlets. His opponent, if willing to fight, would pick up the gauntlet. From this custom derive the expressions â€Å"to cast the gauntlet,† â€Å"to fling down the gauntlet,† and â€Å"to throw down the gauntlet,† meaning, â€Å"to issue a challenge.† Likewise, modern speakers use the expression â€Å"to take up the gauntlet,† meaning â€Å"to accept a challenge.† The word gauntlet in the expression â€Å"to run the gauntlet† has nothing to do with the word for glove. It’s a corrupted form of the Swedish word gatlopp, which was borrowed into English with the meaning â€Å"military punishment in which the offender runs between rows of men who beat him in passing.† Early spellings of gatlopp in English were gantelope and gantlope. At the same time, gauntlet had the variant spellings gantelet and gantlet. Not surprisingly, the words came to be confused with one another: â€Å"to run the gantlope† became â€Å"to run the gantlet.† and eventually, â€Å"to run the gauntlet.† Purists object to the spelling gauntlet in the expression â€Å"to run the gauntlet.† Some stylebooks, notably Chicago and AP, support gantlet, but Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage), disposes of the gantlet version as a variant. On the Ngram Viewer chart beginning with 1800, â€Å"to run the gauntlet† is by far the more common form. The earliest citation of â€Å"to run the gauntlet† in the OED is dated 1676. Bottom line: â€Å"To run the gauntlet† is the more common version of the expression that means, â€Å"to run past a row of people who are trying to hurt you.† It can be used either literally or figuratively: Political prisoners in Tehran’s Evin prison have allegedly been forced to run a gauntlet of armed guards armed with batons. Kasich, if he is to run a successful race for president, will have to run the gauntlet of the Republican primaries first. What is not acceptable is mixing up â€Å"running the gauntlet† with â€Å"running the gamut.† The following examples are from printed books. The first two are from self-published novels, but the third- O tempora, O mores- is from a serious nonfiction book published by Penguin: INCORRECT: His emotions ran the gauntlet from  calm to sobbing quietly.  Mike Holst, The Last Trip Down the Mountain, iUniverse, 2011. CORRECT : His emotions ran the gamut from  calm to sobbing quietly.   INCORRECT: Their  experiences  ran the gauntlet from  Ã¢â‚¬Å"sadistic preferential† pedophiles, to serial killers who were depressive or enraged Bill Riveron, The Trojan Killer, AuthorHouse, 2011. CORRECT : Their  experiences  ran the gamut from  Ã¢â‚¬Å"sadistic preferential† pedophiles, to serial killers who were depressive or enraged INCORRECT: Treatment ran the gauntlet from kindness to torture. Deborah J. Swift, The Tin Ticket, Penguin, 2010 CORRECT : Treatment ran the gamut from kindness to torture. If an adverbial phrase follows â€Å"to run the gauntlet,† the most usual choices for the preposition to introduce it are past or through: Farragut  ran the gauntlet past  Vicksburgs guns 28 June. Men fell back on either side so that he  ran the gauntlet through  their ranks.    Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidAbstract Nouns from Adjectives1,462 Basic Plot Types

Sociologists Take Historic Stand on Racism and Police Brutality

Sociologists Take Historic Stand on Racism and Police Brutality The 2014 annual meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) took place in San Francisco on the heels of the killing of unarmed black teen, Michael Brown, at the hands of a white police officer in Ferguson, Missouri. It also happened during a community uprising shrouded in police brutality, so many sociologists in attendance had the national crises of police brutality and racism on their minds. The ASA, however, created no official space for discussion of these issues, nor had the 109-year-old organization made any kind of public statement on them, despite the fact that the amount of published sociological research on these issues could fill a library. Frustrated by this lack of action and dialog, some attendees created a grassroots discussion group and task force to address these crises. Neda Maghbouleh, Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto-Scarborough, was one of those who took the lead. Explaining why, she said, â€Å"We had a critical mass of thousands of trained sociologists within two blocks of each other at ASA- equipped to marshal history, theory, data, and hard facts toward a social crisis like Ferguson. So ten of us, complete strangers, met for thirty minutes in a hotel lobby to hash out a plan to get as many concerned sociologists as possible to contribute to, edit, and sign a document. I was committed to helping in any way possible because it’s moments like these that affirm the value of social science for society.† The document† Dr. Maghbouleh refers to is an open letter to U.S. society at-large, that was signed by over 1,800 sociologists, this author among them. The letter began by pointing out that what transpired in Ferguson was born of â€Å"deeply ingrained racial, political, social and economic inequities,† and then specifically named the conduct of policing, especially in black communities and in the context of protest, as a serious social problem. The authors and signatories  implored â€Å"law enforcement, policymakers, media, and the nation to consider decades of sociological analysis and research that can inform the necessary conversations and solutions required to address the systemic issues that the events in Ferguson have raised.† The authors pointed out that much sociological research has already established the existence of society-wide problems present in the case of Ferguson, like â€Å"a pattern of racialized policing,† historically rooted â€Å"institutionalized racism within police departments and the criminal justice system more broadly,†Ã‚  the â€Å"hyper-surveillance of black and brown youth,† and the disproportionate targeting and disrespectful treatment of black men and women by police.  These troubling phenomena foster  suspicion about people of color, create an environment in which it is impossible for people of color to trust police, which in turn undermines the ability of police to do their job: serve and protect. The authors wrote, â€Å"Instead of feeling protected by police, many African Americans are intimidated and live in daily fear that their children will face abuse, arrest, and death at the hands of police officers who may be acting on implicit biases or institutional policies based on stereotypes and assumptions of black criminality.† They then  explained that brutal police treatment of protestors is â€Å"rooted in the history of repression of African American protest movements and attitudes about blacks that often drive contemporary police practices.† In response, sociologists called for â€Å"greater attention to the conditions (e.g., joblessness and political disenfranchisement) that have contributed to the marginalization of residents† of Ferguson and other communities, and explained that â€Å"focused and sustained government and community attention on these issues is required to bring about healing and a change in the economic and political structures that have thus far ignored and left many in such areas vulnerable to police abuse.† The letter concluded with a list of demands required for â€Å"an appropriate response to the death of Michael Brown,† and to address the larger, nation-wide issue of racist police policies and practices: Immediate assurance from law enforcement authorities in Missouri and the federal government that constitutional rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of the press will be protected.A civil rights investigation into the incidents related to the death of Michael Brown and general police practices in Ferguson.The establishment of an independent committee to study and analyze the failures of the policing efforts during the week following Michael Brown’s death. Ferguson residents, including leaders of grassroots organizations, should be included on the committee throughout this process. The committee must provide a clear roadmap for resetting community-police relations in a way that grants oversight power to residents.An independent comprehensive national study of the role of implicit bias and systemic racism in policing. Federal funding should be allocated to support police departments in implementing the recommendations from the study and ongoing monitoring and public reporting of key benchmarks (e.g., use of force, arrests by race) and improvements in police practices. Legislation requiring the use of dash and body-worn cameras to record all police interactions. Data from these devices should be immediately stored in tamper-proof databases, and there should be clear procedures for public access to any such recordings.Increased transparency of public law enforcement, including independent oversight agencies with guaranteed full access to law enforcement policies and on-the-ground operations; and more streamlined, transparent and efficient procedures for the processing of complaints and FOIA requests.Federal legislation, currently being developed by Rep. Hank Johnson (D-GA), to halt the transfer of military equipment to local police departments, and additional legislation to curtail the use of such equipment against domestic civilian populations.Establishment of a ‘Ferguson Fund’ that will support long term strategies grounded in the principles of social justice, systems reform and racial equity to bring about substantial and sustained c hange in Ferguson and other communities facing similar challenges. To learn more about the underlying issues of systemic racism and police brutality, check out The Ferguson Syllabus compiled by  Sociologists for Justice. Many of the readings included are available online.

The Economic Boom in Qatar, UAE & Saudi Arabia Research Paper

The Economic Boom in Qatar, UAE & Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Even though the recent political developments in the Middle Easter countries like Egypt, Libya etc are causing some impacts in these three countries, nobody expect a political instability in these countries because of the higher level of standard of living in these countries compared to that in other neighboring countries. Dubai, one of the prominent emirates of UAE faced some financial problems recently; however, Abu Dhabi was able to lift Dubai from the recent financial crisis. In other words, different emirates in UAE are helping each other when any of them face trouble which is the major reason why United Arab Emirates was able to develop properly. Business is the major revenue source of UAE. Saudi Arabia on the other hand is blessed with immense oil resources and their economy is highly dependent on the oil revenues. Qatar has revenues from oil resources, tourism, marine products etc. This paper analyses the economic booms in these three Middle Easter countries; Qatar, UAE and S audi Arabia. The Economic Boom in Qatar Qatar is one of the prominent Middle Eastern countries which have diverse ranges of revenue sources. While most of the other gulf countries rely heavily on oil revenues for economic development, Qatar is blessed with oil resources, marine products, tourism, real estate revenues etc. According to the 2010 statistics, Qatar’s GDP real growth rate is 19.4% compared to 9.5% in 2009 and 11.7% 2008 (Qatar GDP - Real Growth Rate) (See Appendix for more details). It is evident from the above statistics that the GDP growth doubled in year 2010 compared to that in year 2009. Perhaps, no other country in the world has ever recorded such phenomenal growth rates over a year period of time. Oil and gas account for more than 50% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have made Qatar the second highest per-capita income country. Proved oil reserves of 15 billion barrels should enable continued output at curr ent levels for 37 years (Qatar Population) Oil resources are nonrenewable energy sources. It is exhausting day by day because of over exploitation and increase in the number of automobile vehicles which make use of oil resources. In other words, the demand for oil resources is going to be increased in the coming years. Qatar is one country which has higher oil stocks at present. In short, Qatar’s economic progress may not be affected at least for another thirty or forty years of time because of their oil stocks. Business, tourism and marine products are some other revenue sources for Qatar. Qatar’s coastal areas are blessed with some rare species of fishes. About 150 different species of fishes were recorded in the seacoast of Qatar. â€Å"Sweet lips, emperors and snappers, goatfish, shark, groupers, barracudas, thread fins, lizard fish and rabbit fish† etc are some of the rare fish species available in the sea coast of Qatar (Qatar, 2005) Qatar has a wide coast al area and historically, fishing is one of the major revenue sources for the Qataris. Another reason for the economic boom in Qatar is the development of good educational practices. Qatar is doing everything possible to give good education to its people. They realized that educated people are one of the major pillars upon which a country can develop. Many American, Canadian and British universities are operating in Qatar.

International Engineering Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

International Engineering Management - Essay Example This study highlights that the first machine was huge in structure which was then technologically upgraded. This led to the invention of some smaller models. The company revolutionized by inventing popcorn machines which used a unique blend of ‘butter oil’ and ‘leaf lard’ to offer crispy popcorns to the customers. In its initial years, to attract customers, the company offered the popcorns in a uniquely designed vintage vehicle with a toy clown in it. Charles Cretors was successful in tracking the market demand which helped the company to establish its niche in the market. With the success of the invention made by Charles Cretors, the company leaped to fame. The company enjoyed the advantages of being a first mover in the industry. This was achieved by the company’s breakthrough innovation in being the first in discovering this type of machine. It enabled the company to earn a bigger market share within a shorter lapse of time. The company was also ab le to achieve cost synergies. Being the pioneer in inventing such a machine, the company could price its products accordingly, depending on the rise in demand for its products in the market. Though the initial demand of these machines was not very high, but in the year 1887, the company was able to sell thirty of such machines which helped it to generate revenues of approximately $3,627. With the rising demand of popcorns, the company started growing stronger in the domestic market. The company was successful in estimating the growing demand for popcorns which was in turn triggering the demand for better popping machines. Such a technologically upgraded machine would enable easy production of popcorns in huge amounts incurring lesser time. To tap this growth opportunity, the company launched two new models out of which one model was named as ‘Earn more’ to attract the grocers to buy this model to ensure higher profits.

Effective Use of Pathos :: Writers Writing Composition Essays

Effective Use of Pathos Ellen Goodman and Carol Tavris share styles in writing, audiences, and rhetorical appeals. Both authors write informally and direct their message towards listeners between the age of 30-45 years of age. Goodman and Tavris also use pathos to back up their essays. In Countering the Culture of Sex, Goodman addresses teenage sex and the media. Sex is sold throughout the United States by the television and music. Goodman thinks is the media is going to continue to propagate this material to the youth of the nation, then there needs to be a complete view of sex and the consequences. The images teenagers see today are only positive images of sex. They do not put the bad facts: sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, and pregnancy, with all the good advertising sex has developed in their minds. Goodman stands for a movement towards correct portrayal of sex in the media. In Groups We Shrink From Loner’s Heroics, Tavris describes the phenomenon of social loafing. Through two incidences, Tavris depicts a society where people in groups allow a murder or beating to take place without intervention. This lack of responsibility stems from the group individual’s belief that someone else is already taking care of the situation. Tavris feels strongly that people who merely stand and watch should also be considered in the wrong. She wants the public to unite and look out for each other’s best interests, to not fall into a diffusion of responsibility. The writing styles in both essays are similar; they are informal. Tavris notes, â€Å"They behave badly because they aren’t paying attention, or they leave it to Harry, or they don’t want to rock the boat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These modern day phrases make it easier for the reader to understand. These words take Tavris from the status of a Ph. D. in Sociological Psychology to an everyday person trying to make everyone understand her point. Goodman’s informal approach, â€Å"These messages that kids actually listen to ought to be piped into the hearing rooms where Congress is busy concocting a new welfare policy,† make it easier for her to connect with her audience. Welfare is an issue and an area of concern for many adults. The sarcastic, informal tone in Goodman’s words reflects the strength in her own belief and the belief she possess in the everyday citizen.

“Macbeth”: An Exploration of the dramatic nature of Act 2 Essay

Act 2 on its own has a lot of activity going on and a lot of information that you have to churn though to finally get not only the inner meanings of what Shakespeare has written but also the story. There are various little sub headings in which we can split up Act 2. These could be language, timing, irony, tension and dramatic value. I will be looking at dramatic value and the tension which is made due to the actions or expressions which occur in the act. Firstly an overview of what happens. Well Macbeth after being hyped up by Lady Macbeth to kill the King has crazy/guilt full illusions about doing so before the deed is done but eventually kills King Duncan. Duncan’s body is found and his two sons flee Scotland as there â€Å"are daggers in men’s smiles† that in its self is a great source of dramatic tension as we see the heirs to the thrown leave Scotland in fear of their lives and making Macbeths a lot easier. Macbeth gets crowned as King of Scotland, various people are suspicious about Duncan’s death and Macduff doesn’t attend his coronation. The first piece of true tension is apparent at the very beginning of Act 2. We are reminded of the prophecy from the 3 witches from the presence of Banquo’s son Fleance because the witches said â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou shall be none† which means you shall father a king but not be one yourself. This would also mean that Macbeth’s quest of becoming and staying king would mean more deaths and his biggest potential threat seems to be Fleance. So we are reminded of the prophecy and a few lines down we see Banquo ask for his sword although he is in the castle of a close friend which shows the tension and fear. Early in to Macbeth and Banquo’s conversation Banquo mentions the 3 witches and Macbeth replies â€Å"I think not of them† which is an obvious lie to us because ewe now that he is going to murder Duncan on the bases of what the witches have said. We now see the first of many guilt inspired hallucinations in the form of the dagger â€Å"A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?† this snippet suggests that Macbeth is tired, his brain overheated or again tired and it is because of that, that he can see this dagger. In this speech we also see many unreal and â€Å"unnatural† objects and thoughts. This gives a great sense of tension and shows how this illusion makes Macbeth think of all these unnatural objects mainly to show that what is about to do is unnatural, this is because it was strongly believed that a Monarch was chosen specifically by God so if he did kill Duncan he would be defying God which isn’t such a good thing to do. The bell and knocking on the door seem to prolong the inevitable (Duncan’s murder) and also builds tension in doing so because the audience are on the edge of their seats with fascination of Macbeths soliloquy and want to see what happens next. Now the murder of Duncan itself isn’t actually onstage this technique seems to be borrowed from ancient Greek tragedy’s, this of course drives the audience wild because they can’t actually see the event taking place only the events before hand and after. This definitely increases tension and now the audience have only the power of suggestion to interpretate what has happened which of course is a lot more powerful than actually physically seeing what has happened and each human mind must go wild with thought and ideas about what has happened and it will be as gruesome as it needs to be. We now make a reference to Act 1, as Macbeth are trying to rid their hands of Duncan’s blood we look back at the battle scene in Act 1 were again Macbeth is covered in blood from the long and gruesome battle. But Lady Macbeth reasons with the guilt trodden Macbeth and tells him that â€Å"a little water will clear us of this deed†, but as we see later on guilt gets the better of Lady Macbeth as she goes mad because of the guilt full illusion of blood on her hands that can’t be washed off haunt her until she finally dies. This is rather ironic considering in Act 2 Scene 2 she states â€Å"These deeds must not be thought After these ways; so, it will make us mad† which is what happens to her later on. After the deed Lady Macbeth no longer seems to be in the lime light as often and now stricken with confidence Macbeth takes centre stage. After this murderous passage we get a light comical interlude thanks to the castles porter who unlike most people is common and speaks differently compared to the nobles, it is also visible in the text because he is speaking in pros and his language suggests that he is of lesser importance than other characters of noble birth. The porter’s joke that the door of Inverness is like hell’s gate is ironic, given the cruel and bloody events that have just taken place within the castle. When he cries, â€Å"Who’s there, i’ th’ name of Beelzebub?† we see that unnatural and evil beings and instead receiving a happy or normal welcome when they step into Macbeth’s castle, people are warned that they are putting themselves in danger in this case in the hands of the Devil. Lennox later states to Macbeth at lines 49-56 of the tremendously distressful weather that night, hear we see that Macbeth has unbalanced the pure fabric of being. By defying Gods wish he has in effect left an unnatural tear in time itself, this of course angers God and he brings down over Macbeth’s castle an unnatural storm which lasted â€Å"the livelong night†. You would expect a long reply from Macbeth but because of what he has just done he tries to tone down the thought of evil and he bluntly states â€Å"Twas a rough night.† This response seems rather odd and it seems so. Soon after Duncan’s lifeless body is discovered and is if Macbeth had planned in his head the next few days he springs in to make me king mode by taking control over the situation and the nobles. This is both prompting their decision to make him king and it will also make him look less likely a candidate to kill Duncan. As Macbeth and the nobles prance around feeling sad (obviously not Macbeth he has to lie which builds up tension and fear of getting caught is being portrayed in this fashion by him trying to avoid people believing that he is not sad, and if not why well†¦ †¦..MURDERER) they stumble upon the chamberlains which thank to Lady Macbeth are covered in blood and have daggers also covered in blood in their hands. Macbeth quickly sees an easy way out of being eventually found out, he does this by shifting the blame on the innocent and unaware chamberlains. His fellow nobles don’t seem as sure as Macbeth well of course because he’s lying they didn’t kill Duncan he did, but even so as they question his suspicions Macbeth kills again and leaves the chamberlains bloodier than before and with out life. We can see how much Macbeth’s confidence has grown and how his willingness to do anything to become king has also grown and he now doesn’t seem to mind killing anyone to do so. Of course this shocks the nobles quite a bit and many get a bit edgy. Especially Macduff who later asks Macbeth why he killed the chamberlains, only to get a response from Macbeth that he was driven by passionate anger bought about from Duncan’s death. More tension surfaces in scene 4 when The Thane of Ross speaks to the old man. They speak of the unnatural behaviour referring to both the harsh weather and the odd behaviour of the animals. This of course surrounds the coronation of Macbeth suggesting again that it was not to be and that fate and God aren’t on Macbeth’s side. In the act there are many images of unnatural behaviour these are used to make you see good from evil which in itself is a conflict which brings great tension between what is supposed to be and what is not. We then see Macduff desert Macbeths castle to return to Fife instead of being at his coronation which shows obvious rivalry and conflict of interests. It is also interesting that Macduff is responsible for Macbeth’s death and not Malcolm who is the rightful heir, Malcolm should really avenge his father but he lacks courage and that killer edge that Macduff has. Also just like Duncan’s murder Macbeth’s coronation is off stage we learn of Macbeth’s new position from Macduff, Ross and the old man, so again Shakespeare denies us of seeing the inevitable for dramatic purposes.

Data Breach At The U.s. Office Of Personnel Management Essay

Introduction The data breach at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) comprised of two likely connected and possibly coordinated incidents to obtain sensitive information of 4.2 million current and former government employees and security background information of 21.5 million individuals starting in July 2012 through 2015. This first report will provide information that describes the attack origin on how attackers gain access into the OPM infrastructure, the action performed, the assets compromised, and the state effect of the vulnerabilities. Moreover, brief the direct and intangible cost of the OPM cybercrime into the numerous impact factors. System-Fault-Risk (SFR) Framework Although the system-fault-risk framework consists of eight categories, this report will focus on the particulars of the initial threat followed by three elements of the actual attack. By understanding the OPM breach through classifications of the SFR framework, findings and recommendations can be deferred from the attack to improve awareness for other government agencies, implement enhanced detection and protection mechanisms, and develop policies and processes to reduce the risk of future cyber incidents. (Ye, Newman, Farley, 2006) Attack Origin. In March 2014, the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security notified the OPM of data exfiltration from within their network. Later, the US-CERT found evidence of the â€Å"Hikit† malware withinShow MoreRelatedMy Support For Strong Encryption868 Words   |  4 Pageswith better encryptions on their private information warehoused at the Office of Personal Management (OPM). 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Founded by U.S. Congress, NIST was established to impose general measurement standards laboratory;Read MoreData Breaches At The U.s. Office Of Personnel Management Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The data breaches at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) comprised of two likely connected and possibly coordinated incidents to obtain sensitive information of 4.2 million former and current government employees and security background information of 21.5 million individuals starting in July 2012 through 2015. This first report will provide information that describes the attack origin on how attackers gain access into the OPM infrastructure, the action performed, the assetsRead MoreThe Data Breach At Opm1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Data Breach at OPM The research paper will take an in-depth view of the current cyber threat and will explore the current efforts taken by the United States in combating the rapidly growing cyber threat. 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The paper correctly examined the United Airlines breach in May 2015 and offered near, mid and long-term actionsRead MoreDevelopments For Securing The Nations Ports1574 Words   |  7 Pagespassenger handling facilities and there are more than 150 deep draft seaports under the jurisdiction of 126 public seaport agencies located along the Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf and Great Lakes coasts, as well as in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Transportation Security Administration (2010), broaden the definition of† the maritime sector to include a wide range of watercraft and vessels and consists of approximately 95,000 miles of coastline, 361 ports, more than 10,000 milesRead More$55 Million Dollar Data Breach at Choicepoint1077 Words   |  5 PagesMillion Dollar Data Breach at ChoicePoint Abstract Personal data breaches have become epidemic in the U.S. where innocent citizens sensitive information is being left unprotected and subsequently disseminated between hackers. ChoicePoint is an organization that is a premier data broker and credentialing service in the industry. The company was guilty of failing to fulfil their own policy of thoroughly evaluating prospective customer organizations which resulted in a major breach. The source